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Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) is a biological based technology consisting in manipulating function or structure, or both, of microbial environments existing in oil reservoirs. The ultimate aim of MEOR is to improve the recovery of oil entrapped in porous media while increasing economic profits.〔Lazar, I., I.G. Petrisor, and T.E. Yen, Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). Petroleum Science and Technology, 2007. 25(11-12): p. 1353-1366〕〔Ollivier, B. and M. Magot, eds. Petroleum microbiology. 1st ed. 2005, ASM Press: Washington, DC. 365〕〔Sen, R., Biotechnology in petroleum recovery: The microbial EOR. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2008. 34(6): p. 714-724〕〔Van Hamme, J.D., A. Singh, and O.P. Ward, Petroleum microbiology - Part 1: Underlying biochemistry and physiology. Chimica Oggi-Chemistry Today, 2006. 24(1): p. 52〕〔Fujiwara, K., et al., Biotechnological approach for development of microbial enhanced oil recovery technique. Petroleum Biotechnology: Developments and Perspectives, 2004. 151: p. 405-445〕 MEOR is a tertiary oil extraction technology allowing the partial recovery of the commonly residual two-thirds of oil,〔 thus increasing the life of mature oil reservoirs. MEOR is a multidisciplinary field incorporating, among others: geology, chemistry, microbiology, fluid mechanics, petroleum engineering, environmental engineering and chemical engineering. The microbial processes proceeding in MEOR can be classified according to the oil production problem in the field: *''well bore clean up'' removes mud and other debris blocking the channels where oil flows through; *''well stimulation'' improves the flow of oil from the drainage area into the well bore; and *''enhanced water floods'' increase microbial activity by injecting selected microbes and sometimes nutrients.〔Lazar, I., I.G. Petrisor, and T.E. Yen, Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). Petroleum Science and Technology, 2007. 25(11-12): p. 1353-1366〕〔〔〔〔 From the engineering point of view, MEOR is a system integrated by the reservoir, microbes, nutrients and protocol of well injection.〔 ==MEOR outcomes== So far, the outcomes of MEOR are explained based on two predominant rationales: Increment in oil production. This is done by modifying the interfacial properties of the system oil-water-minerals, with the aim of facilitating oil movement through porous media. In such a system, microbial activity affects fluidity (viscosity reduction, miscible flooding); displacement efficiency (decrease of interfacial tension, increase of permeability); sweep efficiency (mobility control, selective plugging) and driving force (reservoir pressure). Upgrading. In this case, microbial activity acts may promote the degradation of heavy oils into lighter ones. Alternatively, it can promote desulphurization due to denitrification as well as the removal of heavy metals. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Microbial enhanced oil recovery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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